With elevated blood pressure, a fatal pathology of the cardiovascular system develops. Characteristic jumps are dangerous to health, and in the absence of timely therapy, doctors do not rule out a hypertensive crisis. 30% of all patients face such a problem, and the symptom constantly becomes younger.
What is hypertension
Arterial hypertension is an independent disease in which blood pressure is disturbed. Whereas previously only adult patients suffered from a characteristic ailment, now modern young people are also at risk. High blood pressure without timely treatment can cause disability, lead to the death of a person.
When measuring the outlet pressure, you get a double indicator. When you decipher it, you can get a real clinical picture. The first value characterizes the systolic (upper) pressure, corresponding to the force of contraction of the heart walls. The second is diastolic (lower), which shows pathogenesis during myocardial relaxation. Hypertension can be diagnosed at home using a classic tonometer, but requires clarification in a hospital setting.
Degrees
The pathological process gradually attacks, the symptoms increase imperceptibly, frighten with their intensity and cause other heart problems. In the body, hypertension manifests itself in one of three degrees - what it is, the cardiologist will tell you. Conditional classification of a characteristic disease with short features is presented below:
- The first grade is elementary. The increase in blood pressure is insignificant, limited to 139-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art. At first, the symptom appears unexpectedly, then imperceptibly disappears. The pathology can still be cured.
- The second degree is moderate. Any deviations from the norm remain within 160-180 / 100-110 mm Hg. Art. , While it is almost impossible to stabilize this indicator. The risk of a hypertensive crisis increases.
- The third degree is pronounced. Deviations from the norm are frightening in their scale, approaching 180 and above / 111 mm Hg. Art. If hypertension manifests itself in this way, the degree of the pathological process leads to a violation of heart activity.
types
This disease has several conditional classifications that help the specialist to characterize the clinical picture as accurately as possible, conduct an adequate diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment for the timely relief of anxiety symptoms. All existing types of hypertension are briefly described below:
- by etiology: arterial hypertension of primary and secondary forms;
- symptomatic (secondary) hypertension: pharmacological, endocrine, hemodynamic, renal, neurogenic;
- from complications: hypertensive crisis, malignant or labile hypertension.
Causes of hypertension
To ensure a long period of remission, it is important to study the etiology of the pathological process. The main causes of hypertension are impaired blood circulation through the vessels, limited flow in the left ventricle of the heart. In modern medicine, there is a completely logical explanation for this: structural changes in blood vessels with age, the formation of blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques in their cavities.
In men
Women are more prone to a characteristic ailment, but it can also progress in the male body. The main causes of hypertension in men are presented below, but experts strongly recommend avoiding such provoking factors and eliminating them from your life in a timely manner. This is:
- stressful situations;
- genetic predisposition;
- bad habits;
- previously suffered injuries associated with a violation of the circulatory system;
- age-related changes in blood vessels, loss of elasticity;
- alcoholism;
- tendency or presence of one of the forms of obesity.
Among women
If hypertension progresses in the female body - what it is, you can find out at the appointment with the local therapist, a highly specialized specialist. The diagnosis is unpleasant, difficult to treat effectively. To avoid complications in a timely manner, it is important to know the main causes of hypertension in women. This is:
- severe emotional shock, crisis, prolonged stress;
- overweight, obesity;
- disturbed hormonal background;
- premenopausal state;
- increased blood cholesterol;
- the elderly age of the patient.
Signs of hypertension
Knowing what hypertension is, the patient must respond in a timely manner to changes in the general condition characteristic of the disease. Differentiating hypertension is not easy, this is the doctor's job, so it is important not to delay the diagnosis. There is instability of blood pressure, subject to external stimuli. Other signs of hypertension depend on the gender of the prospective cardiologist patient.
Among women
Representatives of the weaker sex react sharply to the slightest changes in health, so it is easier for them to recognize the appearance of a problem in their own body. The disease can overtake the patient in an "interesting position". The main signs of hypertension in women are:
- spontaneous headache at different times of the day;
- landing of sight, loss of sharpness with sharp bends of the body and head;
- swelling of the lower limbs;
- excessive irritability;
- swelling of the face in the morning.
In men
At first, patients feel no changes in their general well-being, and the slightest disturbance refers to increased physical activity, excessive fatigue, or an environmental factor. Over time, the symptoms of hypertension in men become more pronounced, indicative of progressive heart failure. This is:
- reduced potency, problems in sex;
- drop in concentration;
- increased shortness of breath;
- been depressed;
- flies in front of the eye syndrome with sudden movements.
Treatment
Knowing who hypertensive patients are, we can safely say that these people have to "sit" on pills for life to keep their overall health at the "satisfactory" level. There is no way to completely cure the disease, but it is quite possible to cure it. If you are interested in how to treat hypertension, the features of the conservative method are presented below. Necessary:
- Perform all necessary tests to determine the stage and form of the disease.
- Give up bad habits, follow a therapeutic diet.
- Regularly take drugs with antihypertensive action;
- Eliminate the risk of complications by regular examination by a specialist, folk remedies.
How to treat hypertension without drugs
If you do not want to take an antihypertensive agent and the attitude towards drugs is distinctly negative, what to do with hypertension? Doctors recommend staying outdoors more often, taking multivitamin complexes with iron content to maintain systemic circulation, giving up bad habits and choosing effective cardio exercises. Don't lead an isolated lifestyle. However, in the relapse stage, you still need to take hypertensive drugs to avoid the risk of complications during myocardial work.
Diet for hypertension and heart disease
Therapeutic nutrition eliminates the consumption of salt, is aimed at controlling the water balance of the body. If hypertension is diagnosed, what exactly it is, how to be treated, the cardiologist will tell you. For example, a diet for hypertension and heart disease includes the following restrictions in the patient's usual diet. The following foods are considered prohibited:
- drinks with caffeine;
- sharpness, pickles, smoked meats;
- offal;
- alcohol;
- fatty meals.
If this is chronic hypertension, what is it in terms of nutrition? Permit:
- low-fat meat;
- unsalted cereals;
- Dairy products.